Engine of Green Data Center: Coupling and Application of Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage System

With the continuous expansion of data center scale, its energy consumption and cooling demand are also increasing. Traditional data center cooling methods not only consume high energy, but also struggle to meet the needs of green and low-carbon development. The coupling of carbon dioxide energy storage systems with data centers provides an innovative solution to address this issue. Through energy cascade utilization and circular integration, this technology can not only significantly reduce the energy consumption of data centers, but also improve energy utilization efficiency, promoting the development of data centers towards green and intelligent directions.

1、 System operation principle
The temperature of the refrigerant absorption chip in the liquid cooling system of the data center increases after heat dissipation, and it circulates through the pipeline into the energy release stage evaporator of the carbon dioxide energy storage system, where it exchanges heat with carbon dioxide. The cooled refrigerant re enters the data center cabinet and continues to dissipate heat for the chips, forming a complete cooling cycle. This process achieves efficient matching between the cooling demand of the data center and the heat demand of the energy storage system, fully utilizing the waste heat resources of the data center.

2、 System operation mode
Normal operating mode
In normal operating mode, the carbon dioxide energy storage system is deeply coupled with the data center
·Heat utilization: Carbon dioxide absorbs heat from the cooling fluid in the data center during the evaporation process, achieving precise matching between cooling and heating needs.
·Energy efficiency improvement: Waste heat from data centers is used to heat carbon dioxide before expansion, improving the power generation efficiency of energy storage systems.
·Cost optimization: Energy storage systems provide stable cooling sources for data centers, reducing cooling energy consumption and initial investment costs.

Backup operating mode
When the energy storage system is shut down due to accidents or maintenance, the system can switch to standby mode:
·Independent cooling: The condensing unit provides independent cooling services for the data center.
·Automatic switching: Fast switching of operating modes is achieved through an automatic control system.
·Reliable guarantee: The condensing unit is driven by the power grid to ensure the continuity and reliability of data center cooling.

3、 System workflow
Energy storage stage
·Gas liquefaction: High temperature and high pressure gaseous carbon dioxide is liquefied by a condensing unit.
·Energy storage: Liquid carbon dioxide is stored in a storage tank to complete energy storage.
·Backup Switching: During maintenance, the condensing unit can be switched to data center cooling mode to ensure uninterrupted system operation.



Energy release stage (24-hour continuous operation)
1) Heat recovery
·Gas release: High pressure carbon dioxide flows out of the pressure storage tank.
·Waste heat utilization: Absorb the waste heat of data center coolant in the evaporator, raise the temperature of carbon dioxide, and vaporize it.

2) Power generation process
Gas heating: Gaseous carbon dioxide enters the heater for further heating.
Energy conversion: High temperature and high pressure carbon dioxide drives the turbine to expand and do work, driving the generator to generate electricity.
Recycling: After doing work, the carbon dioxide is cooled by a heat exchanger and returned to the gas chamber to prepare for the next energy storage cycle.



4、 Core advantages of the system
Energy efficiency advantage
Reduce energy consumption: By efficient heat exchange and waste heat utilization, significantly reduce the cooling energy consumption of data centers.
Improve efficiency: Improve overall energy utilization efficiency and reduce the PUE value (electricity usage efficiency) of data centers.

Reliability advantage
Stable power supply: The energy storage system serves as a backup power source for the data center, reducing reliance on diesel generators.
Continuous operation: Ensure stable operation of the data center through standby mode and automatic switching function.

Environmental advantages
Clean energy: providing green power supply and reducing fossil energy consumption.
Low carbon emissions: Reducing carbon emissions is in line with the development strategy of green data centers.

5、 Application features
Strong environmental adaptability: suitable for various geographical environments such as high latitudes and high heat loads.
Strong collaborative ability: can operate in synergy with other renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy.
Technological autonomy and controllability: The core technology and power equipment are produced nationwide to ensure the safety and reliability of the system.

6、 Development prospects
The deep coupling between carbon dioxide energy storage systems and data centers, through energy cascade utilization and circular integration, will become the core technological solution for the next generation of green data centers. This technology can not only significantly reduce the operating costs of data centers, but also promote the sustainable development of the data center industry, providing important support for the achievement of global green and low-carbon goals.

In the future, with the continuous maturity of technology and the widespread promotion of applications, the coupling mode between carbon dioxide energy storage systems and data centers is expected to become a standard configuration in the data center industry, injecting new impetus into the green development of the digital age.